Installing BIND 4.9.3 resolver code in SunOS 4.1.x shared libraries
===================================================================

$Id: INSTALL,v 8.6 1996/05/22 04:56:31 vixie Exp $

by Chris Davis <ckd@kei.com>

based on code, documentation, and suggestions by:
  Paul Balyoz <pab@naucse.cse.nau.edu>
  Piete Brooks <pb@cl.cam.ac.uk>
  Dave Morrison <drmorris@mit.edu>
  Hal Pomeranz <pomeranz@nas.nasa.gov>
  Matt Ragan <matt@ibmoto.com>
  Greg A. Woods <woods@kuma.web.net>
  Eduard Vopicka <Eduard.Vopicka@vse.cz>
and probably others (apologies if I've forgotten you).

Note that if you wish to modify this process, you should read and understand
the file shres/sunos/ISSUES.

If you have problems with the process (or its aftermath) see; 
shres/sunos/PROBLEMS.

You should read through this whole file BEFORE BEGINNING.  I mean it.  I
really mean it.  The shared library is the second most important part of
SunOS (right behind /vmunix).  If you screw it up you will be very very
unhappy and so will your users.  You should also read shres/sunos/PROBLEMS 
before starting, if only to know what sort of things to watch out for.

[Disclaimer: 
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ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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1.  Get and unpack a copy of BIND 4.9.3.  (This document is from that
    distribution, as shres/sunos/INSTALL.)  See <URL:http://www.isc.org/isc/> 
    for more information, including a pointer to the latest version.

    In the remainder of this document, $BINDSRC represents the directory
    you unpacked the BIND distribution into, and $BINDBUILD represents the
    directory you actually built BIND in (they will be different if you
    use "make links").

2.  (Optional) Use "make DST=sun4.b links" to create a shadow source tree
    for the Sun4 architecture (see $BINDSRC/README for details).  This is
    particularly useful if you are building for more than one architecture
    or operating system (like, say, SunOS 4.1.x and Solaris 2.x).  If you
    do this, cd into the new build directory ("cd sun4.b", for example); this
    will be referred to hereafter as $BINDBUILD.

3.  Configure it to your tastes by editing $BINDSRC/conf/options.h, using
    $BINDSRC/OPTIONS as a guide to the available choices.  (You may want to
    delete the symbolic link in $BINDBUILD/conf and replace it with a copy of
    options.h; this is primarily useful if you want to build different BIND
    configurations on different system architectures.)  SUNSECURITY must be
    on for the shared library (it should be included in the SHCC entry in
    $BINDBUILD/Makefile).  Not all of the options affect the resolver
    library, but you probably want the new named as well (the one Sun
    supplies is really, really old).

4.  Uncomment the appropriate lines in $BINDBUILD/Makefile (or
    $BINDSRC/Makefile if you didn't do step 2, shame shame) for SunOS 4.
    To build resolver code to install in the shared library, uncomment the
    SHRES line, as well as the appropriate SHCC and PIC lines.  If you
    have gcc, you should use it for SHCC, as it can share the read-only
    data (see $BINDSRC/shres/sunos/ISSUES for more details).  I also use it
    as CC to compile named, libresolv.a, and the tools.

5.  (Optional) Add $BINDSRC/bin to your path, and "make depend".

6.  Type "make" to build named, the tools, the "normal" libresolv, and the
    position-independent code ("pic") libresolv.

7.  Install the appropriate "jumbo libc patch" for your SunOS version, if
    you haven't already.  Among other things, this includes fixes for some
    bugs in the shared library building process.  This will also include
    the shared library build directory (/usr/lib/shlib.etc), which is
    useful if the "Shlib Custom" package was not already installed.

    At the time of this writing, the patch numbers and latest revisions of
    the "international" versions of these patches were:

      4.1.3:    100891-13
      4.1.3_U1: 101558-07
      4.1.4:    102545-04

    Note that "international" means "has not installed the extra-cost 'US
    Encryption Kit'", so most sites, even in the US, will need these
    versions.  If you have installed the "US Encryption Kit" you will need
    to get the domestic versions.

    As "recommended" patches, these patches are available for anonymous
    ftp to all Sun customers, even those without support contracts, from
    sunsolve1.sun.com in the /pub/patches directory.

    Since these patches also fix the bug in syslog(3) that allows
    attackers to get root access, it's a VERY good idea to install them.

    SunOS-4.1.1 for sun3 doesn't have an explicit known libc patch,
    though upgrading to 4.1.1_U1 does replace the shared libraries, and
    it's highly recommended that you do upgrade if possible.  (It will
    still be vulnerable to the aforementioned syslog(3) bug, among others,
    however.)

Perform the following steps to integrate the shareable resolver library
code (libresolv_pic.a) into the shared libc (for both BSD and SysV
universes).  If you use the $BINDSRC/shres/sunos/makeshlib script, steps 
8-18 will be done for you; read them anyway.

The makeshlib script does minimal error checking and is mostly a quick &
dirty convenience for people tired of typing commands.  If it fails on
your system, you'll probably have to do part or all of the installation
manually instead.  (Please also let me know; I'll try to check for that
problem, or at least document it in shres/sunos/PROBLEMS.)

Note that some or all of these steps may need to be done as root.  You
should read the makeshlib script carefully before running it as root.

You may wish to run makeshlib as "sh -x shres/sunos/makeshlib" to view the
commands as they are executed as a progress indicator.

Note that the makeshlib command will fail if you used "make links" to
create a $BINDBUILD tree but run it from the original $BINDSRC.  It will
also fail if you try to run it before compiling shres/sunos/libresolv_pic.a,
or if you didn't uncomment the SHRES stuff in $BINDBUILD/Makefile.  So
don't do any of those things.  As I said, "minimal error checking".

8.  Move into the shared-lib area and make a temporary directory:

      cd /usr/lib/shlib.etc
      mkdir tmp

9.  Move into this new directory, extract the pic (position independent
    code) object files from libc_pic.a and remove the SYMDEF file.  The
    renaming (mv commands) is done because the "ar" command truncates
    names to 16 characters.

    Note that Sun's documentation (/usr/lib/shlib.etc/README) omits the
    last "mv" command.  This will result in "undefined symbol" errors for
    the four symbols mbstowcs_xccs, mbtowc_xccs, wcstombs_xccs, and
    wctomb_xccs.  (See shres/sunos/PROBLEMS for more details.)

      cd tmp
      ar x ../libc_pic.a
      rm __.SYMDEF
      mv rpc_dtablesize. rpc_dtablesize.o
      mv rpc_commondata. rpc_commondata.o
      mv xccs.multibyte. xccs.multibyte.o

10. Extract the shareable libresolv_pic.a into this target directory.
    This will replace Sun's inet_addr.o, which is ok; this one is better.
    It will also replace Sun's getnetent.o, which is ok, as long as you
    have DNS entries for your networks (as in RFC 1101).  See the file
    shres/sunos/ISSUES for details on why this is a Good Thing in my opinion.

    If you want to keep using NIS or /etc/networks instead, you'll need to
    save Sun's getnetent.o, remove BIND's getnet* files, and put Sun's
    getnetent.o back after this step.  You have to remove *ALL* of BIND's
    getnet* objects (getnetbyaddr.o, getnetbyname.o, getnetent.o,
    getnetnamadr.o) or your shared library will fail to link properly.  The
    symptom of this is usually "_getnetbyname: multiply defined" or a similar
    error from ld.

    Make sure that Sun's mktemp.o and strpbrk.o don't get stomped; you
    need to use Sun's, not the ones in BIND's compat/lib.

      ar x $BINDBUILD/shres/sunos/libresolv_pic.a
      rm __.SYMDEF

11. Make sure the old host resolver is not still lying around:

       rm gethostent.o

    (ignore error "rm: gethostent.o nonexistent" if you see it.)

12. Sun's shipped awk script (/usr/lib/shlib.etc/awkfile) has two small bugs;
    if you use their recommended procedure for saving old (FCS) versions of
    the shared libraries, it can get the wrong version number for the new
    libc.so.  It can also get the wrong number if you have different minor
    revisions installed (such as 1.8.1 and 1.9; it will get 1.9.2 instead of
    1.9.1 for the "next" revision).

    You should fix these problems by applying (using the 'patch' program) the
    patch file $BINDSRC/shres/sunos/sun-awkfile.patches.

      cd /usr/lib/shlib.etc
      patch < $BINDSRC/shres/sunos/sun-awkfile.patches

    Even with these fixes, it may get the wrong version number; you may need
    to rename the files by hand.  (Skipping a "custom" number is not unsafe,
    just unaesthetic; if you have libc.so.1.9 and libc.so.1.9.2, the system
    will use libc.so.1.9.2.)

13. Now you need to add the BIND resolver object files to the lorder-sparc
    file.  The easiest way to do this is to apply (using the 'patch' program)
    the patch file $BINDSRC/shres/sunos/sun-lorder-sparc.patches.

    If you removed the getnet* objects in step 10, you should remove the
    references to them after applying the patch.  (Don't remove the reference
    to getnetent.o, since you've put Sun's version of that back in place.)

    If you don't have 'patch', duplicate the list of object files to use:

      cp lorder-sparc lorder-sparc.orig

    Edit this object file list and make the following modifications if
    they haven't already been done before to this file:

             remove: gethostent.o
             add:    gethnamaddr.o
                     getnetnamadr.o
                     getnetbyaddr.o
                     getnetbyname.o
                     herror.o
                     res_query.o
                     res_mkquery.o
                     sethostent.o
                     res_send.o
                     res_debug.o
		     inet_ntop.o
		     inet_pton.o
                     nsap_addr.o
                     res_comp.o
                     res_data.o
                     res_init.o
                     strerror.o

     (Don't add the getnet* files if you removed them in step 10.)

     It isn't really kosher to hack the lorder-sparc file like this, but it
     isn't deadly either.  This ordering was created by using lorder and
     tsort on libresolv_pic.a; it should be the best ordering of the new
     files.

14.  The Makefile supplied by Sun for building shared libraries,
     /usr/lib/shlib.etc/Makefile, has one problem when you run it as the
     super user if you don't have '.' in your path (and you shouldn't...).
     So edit it and modify the definition of "OBJSORT" to read:

       OBJSORT=./objsort

     In some versions of /usr/lib/shlib.etc/Makefile, you will also need
     to change the lines (there are two) which read

       ld -assert pure-text `${OBJSORT} lorder-sparc tmp`

     to read

       ld -assert pure-text `${OBJSORT} lorder-sparc tmp` -ldl

     The jumbo libc patch for 4.1.3 fixes this, but the jumbo libc patches
     for 4.1.3_U1 and 4.1.4 don't.  (Why?  I don't know...)

     If the shared library is built without -ldl, all subsequent
     compilations (except when using static linking) on the system will
     fail with "undefined symbol" errors for _dlopen, _dlclose, and
     _dlsym unless you add -ldl when linking.

     If you have *ever* modified your shared libc before (maybe for
     resolv+, maybe for other reasons) and you didn't add the -ldl to
     /usr/lib/shlib.etc/Makefile, you have probably been adding -ldl to
     every Makefile for every program you've compiled since then.  This is
     obviously suboptimal.  Fix your shared libc once and for all.

     The easiest way to fix these problems in /usr/lib/shlib.etc/Makefile is
     to apply (using the 'patch' program) the two patch files;
     $BINDSRC/shres/sunos/sun-Makefile.patch1 
     and
     $BINDSRC/shres/sunos/sun-Makefile.patch2.
     If you have the patched 4.1.3 version of the Makefile, the second patch
     will fail; this can safely be ignored.

15.  Now we can finally build the shared library.  Type:
       make libc.so

     What kind of errors might you get?  Here's a couple:

       a. It blows up on one of the .o files in tmp, saying that the
	  object file is in an inconsistent state.

          SOLUTION: start over; you did something wrong when you compiled
	  libresolv_pic.a in step 4, above.  Make SURE you're using the
	  libresolv_pic.a that was built in $BINDBUILD/shres/sunos, and not
	  the "normal" libresolv.a built in $BINDBUILD/res.

       b. It lists hundreds of error lines about offsets or addresses
	  being wrong in all your resolver .o files.

          SOLUTION: start over; you needed to specify "-pic" or "-fpic" to
	  the C compiler when building shres/sunos/libresolv_pic.a.  Make
	  sure you're using libresolv_pic.a, and make sure that SHCC and
	  PIC were properly defined in $BINDBUILD/Makefile.

16.  To build the System V shared libc, repeat steps 8-11, using
     'libcs5_pic.a' instead of 'libc_pic.a', then 'make libcs5.so'.
     You'll need to delete the contents of the directory
     '/usr/lib/shlib.etc/tmp" first.

17.  If all goes well, you now have a "libc.so.x.y.z" in this directory
     (two, if you rebuilt the SysV shared library as well; the BSD one is
     libc.so.1.y.z, while the SysV one is libc.so.2.y.z).  Test it (or
     them) out before installing it (or them) systemwide!  You can do this
     by pointing the LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable to the current
     directory, then trying various networking commands.

     In csh or tcsh:
       setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH `pwd`
       ftp another.host.com
       telnet someone.else.ca
       unsetenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH

     ping (or any other setuid/setgid program) may not use the new library
     if you test it this way, because LD_LIBRARY_PATH is ignored for
     security reasons if the real and effective user or group ids do not
     match.  (If you test as root, ping will use the new library.)

     Make sure you have a valid /etc/resolv.conf, or it will not appear to
     work.  If you have been using DNS via NIS in the past, you might not
     have a working resolv.conf file on the NIS clients.

     If anything in the library fails, you need to start section B over
     again.  Maybe you accidentally used BIND's versions of mktemp.o and
     strpbrk.o; things just won't work with BIND's new versions of these
     files.

18.  When you are sure it's working OK, you can install it into the system
     library directory (you will need to be superuser to do this):

       su
       cd /usr/lib/shlib.etc
       cp libc.so.1.y.z /usr/lib
       chmod 755 /usr/lib/libc.so.1.y.z
       # for sysv shared library
       cp libc.so.2.y.z /usr/5lib
       chmod 755 /usr/5lib/libc.so.2.y.z
       # for both
       ldconfig

     Next you need to install the shared archive, which contains
     initialized global data.  If you skip this step, executables compiled
     on your machine since the new library was installed will not contain
     that data.  They still will be able to run (which is probably why
     this step has been missing from both the Internet and *Sun*
     instructions for years), as the data is replicated in the shared
     object.  A few preliminary tests indicate missing this step can
     marginally slow down processes, although it necessarily a depends on
     the program and the machine in question.  For more details on this,
     see $BINDSRC/shres/sunos/ISSUES.

     The numbers y and z must match the numbers in the shared object above.

       cd /usr/lib
       cp libc.sa.1.y libc.sa.1.y.z
       ranlib libc.sa.1.y.z
       cd /usr/5lib
       cp libc.sa.2.y libc.sa.2.y.z
       ranlib libc.sa.2.y.z

If you used makeshlib, you can delete the temporary directories created by
the script (/usr/lib/shlib.etc/tmp.s5 and /usr/lib/shlib.etc/tmp.ucb) now.

19.  You can prove that you're using the new library now, by watching the
     output of something like:

       trace date

     Look for the open() of libc.so.* and note the version number.

     You can also use ldd to check which shared libraries will be used by
     a dynamically linked program:

       # ldd /usr/ucb/telnet
       -lc.1 => /usr/lib/libc.so.1.x.y
       -ldl.1 => /usr/lib/libdl.so.1.0

     The latest BIND resolver is now installed in your system's shared C
     library.

20.  Once you are fully confident of your new library, reboot your
     machine.  Until you do, running processes will continue to use the
     old shared library.

21.  "make install" in $BINDBUILD to install the new resolver library,
     named, and header files.  This will allow statically linked programs
     and programs that link directly to the resolver library (like
     sendmail) to be compiled against the BIND resolver (highly
     recommended).

You should now read the first four items in shres/sunos/ISSUES.

* "Differences between Sun's resolver and BIND's resolver"

  This explains the use of the "search" directive in resolv.conf files, and
  explains how to deal with the use of "localhost" and "loghost" in
  configurations.

* "UDP checksums"

  This explains how to turn on UDP checksumming in your kernel to make DNS
  (and, not incidentally, NFS) more reliable.

* "Modifying the static libc"

  You probably want to modify the nonshared system C library to contain
  the "strerror" routine for use when compiling statically-linked
  programs; this item explains how and why.

* "RFC 1101 network names vs. /etc/networks"

  This explains how to set up your network names in the DNS so that programs
  such as netstat -r will display names, not numbers, by using the DNS.
  If you used Sun's getnetent.o in step 10, it does not apply.

If you have problems compiling certain programs, or with other aspects of
your system, after installing the BIND resolver, you should read
shres/sunos/PROBLEMS.

In particular:

** If you are compiling GNU Emacs/XEmacs or Berkeley sendmail V8 ** 

you should read the entry in shres/sunos/PROBLEMS titled "undefined symbol
_strerror when compiling -Bstatic".  If this happens, either add -l44bsd
to the link step, add strerror.o to /usr/lib/libc.a (as described in
shres/sunos/ISSUES), or link dynamically instead of statically.

** If you are compiling GNU Emacs or NCSA httpd **

you should read the entry in shres/sunos/PROBLEMS titled ""parse error" on
inet.h, nameser.h, resolv.h, netdb.h, bitypes.h".  If you get these errors
from your cpp, you may choose to define the preprocessor symbol "BSD" to a
small numeric value (such as "42"), or you may wish to edit the header
files to remove the conditional statements.

** If you are using Sun's "C2 security" shadowed passwords **

you should read the entry in shres/sunos/PROBLEMS titled "login gives
"hostname is bad for this system" errors (users can't log in)".  This 
will explain how to diagnose (and cure) this problem.
